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. J. MOKINLAY.

STEAM 0R HOT WATER BOILER.

Patented Dec. 13, 1887.

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fro Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. McKINLAY.

STEAM 0R HOT WATER BOILER.

Elm-374,615. Patented Dec. 13, 188'7..

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UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFIoE.

JAMES MOKINLAY, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO THE RICHARDSON 8t BOYNTON COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

STEAM OR HOT-WATER BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 374,615, dated December 13,1887.

Application filed July 16, 1887. Serial No. 244,523. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MOKINLAY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Steam or Hotater Boilers, of which the following is a correct description.

The invention has relation to the class of IO hot-water heaters which are placed in a groundthrough them of a body of water which has been previously heated in the water chamber or chambers of the heater.

The object of the invention is to provide at small costa hot-water heater for domestic use,

which shall be easily portable and through which water shall, through the operation of natural laws, pass rapidly upward in a thin volume or stream, with which the products of combustion are, in effect, in continuous contact, so that the heat thereof is thoroughly utilized.

The invention consists in certain novel parts and in certain novel combinations of parts in a hot-water heater for domestic use, whereby 0 cold water as it is introduced at the lowest extremity of the watercontaining portion of the heater is first permitted to pass into an annular uncorrugated receptacle, and is then passed upward along a corrugated portion of 3 5 the water-passage, in a contracted or spreadout volume, to a point in a plane with the top of the fuel and combustion chamber, where it is permitted toexpand, and whence it is di rected in a continuouslyascending stream to a reservoir or expansion-chamber at the top of the heater, as will first be described with particularity, and then distinctly indicated in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents the 5 furnace, in part in front elevation and in part in transverse vertical section, on the line a u of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 represents avertical section from front to rear, as on the central line,

1;, in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section in the line at w w in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section in the line at x min Fig. 1. Fig. 5

is a top plan view of the lower water-chamber detached, and showing, also, the grate-bars at the lower extremity of the fuel-chamber, the inner wall of the annular water-chamber and the wall of the fuel-ohamber being identical. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical section on the line 2 z of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is ahorizontal section on the line at tt of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 9 represents a modified form of the water-tubes.

The heater is composed, essentially, of an ash-pit section, A, a water-chamber section, B, which embraces, also, the fuel-chamber, and a combustion-chamber section, B which embraces the water-chambers O, D, O, D, (hand E, placed one upon anotherin the order indicated, each resting in a suitable seat and all firmly secured together by bolts and nuts, (not shown,) the joints being, by preference, packed with asbestus, although, if desired, the sections may be tapped and joined by means of pipe nipples' The base or ash-pit section A, preferably having doors a and a and hanger a for the support of the outer end of the actuating gratebar a", is provided with inwardly-projecting annular flange (6, to receive the corresponding inturned flange I) of the uncorrugated exterior shell, I), of the water-chamber B, such exterior shell having any desired number of openings, having threaded collars b near the base of the shell for attachment of water-supply pipes 19.

Near its upper extremity the shell 1) assumes an approximately rectangular form, corners I) being projected outwardly, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, to form an expansion-chamber, I), and to produce correspondence in area and configuration with the superposed sections of the heater, and the extreme upper portion of the shell having an outwardly-extending horizontal flange, b to receive the outer portion of a broad covering-flange, b, which projects outwardly from a point near the top of the inner shell, b, which from a point near the bottom thereof and in a plane with the top of the supply-pipe collars b is provided with vertical corrugations b, which terminate upwardly at the top of the shell. The lower por-- tion of thisinteriorshell, b, on a level with the water-inlets is made plain, thus providing an annular water-chamber, b", which extends around the section, and which terminates downwardly at a point opposite the inturned annular flange 1/ which is received upon the corresponding flange b of the exterior shell, which, it may here be remarked, is provided with a front fuel-supply opening and a corresponding door, 13.

The shell b is provided at its top with an upwardly-extending rim or flange, b, inclosing a seat, If", within which is received the water-sectionO, which in the bottom plate, 1, thereof has front receiving-opening c", corresponding with the discharge-opening b in the broad covering-flange b which constitutes the top plate of the chamber B, and which in the top plate, 2, thereof has at the rear the discharging-opening 0. Between the front expansion-chamber c and the rear expansion-chamber c of this section are the intermediate connecting-tubes, 0 0 0 c 0' 0 all of which are in transverse vertical section, preferably of the diamond or lozenge shape represented in Figs. 1 and 6, and the exterior or side tubes, 0 c", which are vertical upon their exterior face, while upon the opposite side they are of a half-diamond form, as seen in the same figures. At or near their front and rear extremities the tubes 0 are each provided with a short vertical diaphragm or deflector, e, which projects toward the side of the section in a plane perpendicular to the side of the tube. The tubes 0 c are provided with similar deflectors, e e, both of which extend from the sides of the tube toward the center thereof, as seen in Figs. 3 and 6, while the tubes 0 arewithoutequab izing-deflectors or other means of restriction.

The water-section D has in the rear portion of its bottom plate, 3, a receiving-opening, (1, corresponding with the discharging-opening c of the water-section O, and in the front portion of its top plate,4,it has discharging-opening (1 all as clearly represented in Figs. 2 and 4. The central tube, d, of the section D, like the tubes 0 c of the section C, is provided with coincident diaphragmsff, and the tubes d d at either side of the central tube, d",have a single deflector,f, while the tubes d and (1, like the tubes 0" in the section 0, are from end to end without obstruct-ion. Of the remaining superposed parts the sections'O and 0 correspond in construction with the section 0 and the section D corresponds with the section D, as already described. The section E, having wide depending flange E and vertical passage E, has atop plate, 5, above the chamber or reservoir E such top plate being plain, while the bottom plate, 6, has longitudinal corrugations e, which terminate at the front in a reservoir or expansion-chamber, E", which is produced by the enlargement or upward swell at this point of the top plate, 5, which is suitably tapped for the reception of the outflow-pipes F, any desired number of which maybe attached.

As will be readily understood, theintervals between the several water-sections C,'D, C, D, C, and E and the intervals between the several series of tubes 0, c, &c., and d, d, &c., constitute the smoke spaces or flues of the heater, the volatile products of combustion as they rise from the fuel-chamber taking a right and left zigzag course from bottom to top of the smoke-space by reason of the zigzag or staggered arrangement of the series of water-tubes. Passing through these smoke spaces or flues, which in the drawings are designated by the letter G, theproducts reach and are discharged into the exit-pipe H, which is fitted both to the top plate, 5, and the bottom plate, 6, of the top section, E.

By reason of their peculiar form, their sides flaring from the bottom outwardly and upwardly and from the top outwardly and down wardly, the water-tubes receive to the best advantage the impact of the ascending heatcurrents and thus thoroughly utilize the same, while ashes and other substances are prevented from accumulating upon their top surfaces.

The door I upon the flange or casingI, which is composed of coincident projections upon each of the several horizontal water-. heating sections 0, D, O, D, O", and E, permits access to the smoke spaces or flues for repairing or cleaning the same, and for the insertion between the water-sections and the adjustment in suitable position thereon of any desired number of baffle-plates K. When arranged as seen in Fig. 2, these plates cause a zigzag movement forward and backward of the ascending products of combustion,a movement, it will be observed, quite distinct from and directly transverse to the right and left zigzag movement produced by the staggered arrangement of the water-tubes themselves.

It will be observed that,in the operation of the hcater,as water is discharged from theinflow-pipes p it is received in the annular chamber b at the base of the section B. From the chamber b it quickly rises through the tubular spaces 8, formed by the corrugations 1) upon the interior shell, b,-in conjunction with the plain surface of the exterior shell, b. At their; points of nearest approach, as best seen in Figs. 5 and'8, the two shells are but one-fourth ofaniuch apart,and itwill bereadily perceived that under the tendency of the moving currents of water to pass where friction is least these spaces 8 have practically the function and effect of flattened or oval tubes. The space being preferably but about one inch in its greatest diameter, in transverse section, water within it is heated with great rapidity, and is quickly expanded in volume. This expansion finds its natural outlet in the outwardly-projecting overhanging expansionchamber b around the upper portion of the section, from which the water in a still more highly -.heated condition is discharged into the broad transverse receiving-chamber c of the water-section O. From this chamber, as already partially indicated, and as clearly represented bythe feathered arrowsin Fig. 2,

the volume of water, always in a spread-out or comparatively thin body, to render most quickly available the heat contained inthe tion through them.

The natural tendency of the products 'of combustion to pass by the most, direct course from the center of the fuel-chamber to the center of the exit-pipe opening, and thus produce greatest rarefaction of the contents of the central members of the several series of watertubes, and, as a consequence, an nnd uly-rapid circulation through the same, is counteracted and the Water-circulation is equalized through the provision of the vertically-arranged diaphragms or deflectors e e and ff, the effect of which is to'check and retard the movement of the currents just in proportion to the remoteness of such tubes from the side walls of the heater. By this means complete equalization of the water-circulation is secured.

The return-fine openings 1) will be provided at a point or points at a considerable distance from the water-supply openings, as is custom ary.

It will be understood that Wherever shown in the drawings the feathered arrows indicate the course of the water-currents and the unfeathered arrows the direction of the smokecurrents.

It will be obvious, without explanation, that the number of sections 0 D employed in the heater might be either greater or lessthan the number herein described and shown without changing the operation or affecting the character of theinvention. It will also be evident that by skillful manipulation the section B might be cast in a single piece. It is much more convenient, however, to cast the shells separately and attach them together; and this also has the effect of diminishing danger of fracture as a consequence of unequal expansion and contraction. It will be equally apparent that the position of the receiving-opening of the lower horizontal watersection might be at the rear or at the side, instead of at the front thereof, without in any way affecting the principle of the invention; but at whatever point such receiving-opening be provided the water-induction opening in the base-section should be on that side of the heater which is opposite the receiving-opening.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. The water-chamber B, consisting, essentially, of a one-part annular or cylindrical inner shell .having vertical corrugations and an independent outer uncorrugated shell having water supply and return openings and top discharging-opening, the two distinct shells in their main vertical portion being placed nearly in contact, so as to produce between them tubular intercommunicating water-passages, in combination with the superposed sec tion 0, having bottom receivingopening, substantially as set forth.

2. The two-part water-heating section B, embracing the shells b and b and having intervening annular chamber,b", corrugations [2 forming passages s,'as described, and intervening overhanging chamber, b fisubstantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The combination, with the base or ashpit .section A, having inwardly -projecting flange a, of the exterior shell, b, having flange b and the interior shell, I), having flange b the three flanges being seated one upon an other, as shown and described.

4. The water-heating section B, having substantially cylindrical lower main portion and substantially quadrangular upper projecting portion, the upper portion constituting an expansion'chamber for the heated water-currents as they pass from the lower portion, substantially as described and shown. I

5. The waterheating section B, having the one-part inner shell, b, extending as to its inner surface in a direct line from bottom to.

top, and having also the inclosing-chambers b and b, the former encircling the lower eX- tremity and the latter inclosing the upper extremity of such inner shell.

6. In a hot-water heater, the combination,

ment of the water-currents, and having also inlet-opening at bottom and outlet-opening.

b" at top, the two openings being at opposite sides of the section, substantially as specified.

8. The combination, in a hot-water heater, of a lower water-heating'section, which encircles the fuelchamber ofsuch heater and which discharges at the front top portion of such section, a horizontal sect-ion which has front and rear water-chambers,which extend across the same from sideto side, which has watertubes which connect such front and rear transversely-extending chambers, and which is provided in the rear portion of its top plate with a dischargeopening, and a horizontal watersection, which is placed upon such lower horizontal section, which receives water through an opening in the rear portion of its bottom I which rises from the top of such combustionplate, and which discharges water through an opening in the front portion of its top plate.

9. The combination, with the water-heating section B, constructed as described, of the superposed sections 0, D, O, D, and O, the upper plate of each of such superposed sections inclining upwardly from the receiving to the discharging end of the section. I

10. The combination,with the water-heating and fuel-chamber section B, of the superposed sections 0, D, O, D, and 0, each having up wardly-inclined top plate, and thetop section, E, having bottom combustion-chamber embraced within the depending side flanges, the corrugated bottom plate, and top water-passage above such bottom combustion-chamber, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination, with the lower twopart water-heating and fuel'chamber section, B, having continuous corrugated inner shell and plain outer shell, of the upper waterheating section, E, having corrugated bottom plate, 6, plain top plate, 5, and the reservoir expansion-chamber E, and the intermediate water-heating sections each having end.waterchambers and a series of horizontal connecting watertubes.

12. The combination, in the combustionchamber section of a hot-water heater, of the water-heating sections 0 D, G D, and O having transverse water-tubes and intermediate vertical flue'spaces, the water-tubes of each section being opposite the flue-spaces of the contiguous section, and the baffle-plates K, resting transversely upon the water-tubes and arranged alternately at front and at rear of the combustion-chamber, the water-tubes serving to produce in the smoke-currents a zigzag movement from right to left and from left to right, and the battle-plates operating to produce a zigzag movement of the ascending smoke'currents from rear to front and from front to rear, as specified.

13. The combination, with the water-heating sections D 0 of the top section, E, having bottom expansion-chamber, E, for the pro ducts of combustion, vertical waterpas'sage E at the rear, transverse water-expansion chamber E at the front, and top water-passage having corrugated bottom plate and con meeting the passage E with the upwardlyprojecting reservoir or expansion-chamber E.

14. The combination, with the lower sections, of the top section, E, having depending flanges, bottom combustion-chamber provided with top corrugations, and a smoke-exit pipe chamber, the water-inlet passage extending from the bottom to the top of the section at one end thereof, the water'outlet opening at the opposite end of the section, and the intermediate water-passage having bottom corrugations, substantially as described.

15. In a hot-water heater, an ash-pit section, and a water-heating and combustion-chamber section which is annular in its main portion, which is rectangular in its upper portion, and which is provided with a water-discharging opening in its top plate, in combination with a series of superposed hot-water sections, each lower section discharging through an opening formed in the bottom of the section immediately above it, and the water received at the base ofthe combustion-chamber scctionpassingsucccssively through each of the superposed sections in a continually-ascending current from end to end thereof to its point of discharge at the top of the heater, substantially as set forth.

16. A hot-water heater which comprises an annular water-heating and fnel-chamber-base section, and a series of superposed water-heating and combustion-chamber sections, each of which has a series of transverse water-tubes, the top plate of each of which is inclined upwardl y from the inlet to the outlet end thereof,

and each of which sections has a water-inlet v opening in its bottom plate and a water-outlet opening in its top plate, and in which the currents of hot water pass by a zigzag course from bottom to top, and in which the products of combustion pass in a zigzag course from bottom to top, the two zigzag currents moving, as to their horizontal course, at right angles to or transversely of each other.

17. In a hot-water heater, a series of horizontal water-tubes which have each an inclined top plate and which extend across the combustion-chamber of such hcater,and which are provided with lateral equalizingdeflectors,substantially as and for the purposes specitied.

18. The described intermediate water-heating sections,each consisting of the end receiving and discharging chambers having,respectively, a bottom and a top opening, and the interconnecting top inclined water-tubes, each diminishing in transverse dimensions from a point at or above its mid'height downwardly to the bottom.

JAMES MCKINLAY.

\Vitnesses:

D. S. RICHARDSON, GEO. W. CoLvER. 

